The ABC about hair and hairstyles
Afro:
A hairstyle with very curly curls, which are strongly curled and stick out on all sides. The Afro was considered an expression of the hippie era in the 1960s. The Afro is styled with small papilot rollers.
Alopecia:
Is another word for hair loss. One speaks of alopecia when more than 50 percent of the hair on the head is lost. A distinction is made between genetically determined, circular and whole-head hair loss. Every hair loss can be treated with medication.
Anti-Frizz:
A hair product that tames frizzy, unruly hair with conditioning ingredients. Oils and silicones straighten the hair by coating the cuticle layer, giving it a beautiful shine.
Number of head hairs: approx. 0-150,000
B
Babylights:
fine lighter strands in the front contour. They form a soft frame around the face.
Bad Hair Day:
A day when the hair is more unruly than usual ! If the hairstyle just won’t sit right, no brushing, spraying or blow-drying will help. SOS-help: Moisten the hair slightly (water syringe) and press it into shape or comb it lightly!
Balayage:
The balayage look is based on delicate highlights that are applied with a brush. Balayage is the hair colour trend of the hour, because with the trendy freehand colouring technique highlights can be conjured up in the hair, which look particularly natural and harmonious.
Ballerine knot:
is a hair knot at the back of the head wound from a ponytail. During winding, the ponytail is twisted (twisted). Since the hairstyle is exposed to great stress during dancing, it is worked very tightly, even occasionally with moistened hair. Additional stability can be achieved by using a hair net or hair gel.
Banana:
A classic among the french twist hairstyles (french chignon banana). Was worn a lot in the 50s. This is how it works: Brush shoulder-length hair to the left side, as if you wanted to tie a braid on the side. Pin it with a hair clip. Tap the lengths towards the middle and then twist the tips in until the hairs lie in the shape of a banana. Fix with hair clips and hairspray. A long hairpin inserted into the banana from below also helps to hold the hairstyle.
Beach Waves:
Light waves in the hair, as if you had been at the sea: curling iron, straightener or simply let it air-dry during natural waves. With Seasalt Spray the look lasts longer.
Beehive:
The English word for beehive, but also called B-52 hairstyle. The name comes from the alleged similarity of the hairstyle to the American long-range bomber Boeing B-52. The Beehive experienced a brief peak in the 1960’s, but quickly lost popularity.
Big Hair:
Hairstyle with extra volume. The hair is turned up with the round brush or with volume rollers.
biotin:
Important nutrient, for hair, skin and nails strengthens, also called vitamin H. If you are supplied with sufficient biotin, you can look forward to full, strong hair. Biotin deficiency, on the other hand, is noticeable in thin hair, dry skin and brittle nails.
Bob:
Trend hairstyle, from the 20’s (Bauhaus) was worn by women who were particularly emasculated. The chic haircut is a timeless classic.
Bombage:
Classic men’s hairstyle from the 50s, with short sides and running to longer top hair. The model is Elvis Presley.
Bubikopf:
Short hairstyle with a short cut at the neck and a lot of volume on top of the head. The hairstyle is a variation of the bob that came up around 1920 and is worn with a full long fringe.
Braid:
Hairstyle in which several strands of hair are braided together. Apart from the simple plait, the French plait is particularly popular.
C
Calligraphy:
Calligraphy cut is a method where the hair is cut with a sharp blade. The single hair is cut diagonally. This can quickly lead to split ends. By the way, this method is not new, in the 50’s and 60’s similar work was done. This method was replaced by the system haircut.
Chamomile:
Natural brightener. A conditioner with chamomile tea provides blonde hair with extra light reflexes. To do this, brew fresh chamomile, strain and rinse the hair with it. Shampoos with camomile extracts are an alternative.
Ceramic coating:
A ceramic-coated straightening iron protects the hair from the heat, seals the cuticle layer and prevents flying hair.
Chignon:
French pinned-up hairstyle, which was already worn in the 19th century. This is the way to go: Tie the hair to the ponytail. Toupe the braid lightly and tie it at the ends with another hair tie. Fold it down and pin both hair bands with a clip. Then pull the chignon slightly apart on both sides and fix it again with clips.
Coiffure:
From French “coiffe” cap, bonnet hairdresser, common name at hairdressing salons.
Color Grading:
Gently flowing colour gradients with three colours and more (e.g. blonde, brown and red).
Conditioner:
Conditioners nourish the hair after washing, making it shinier, smoother and easier to comb.
Cuticle:
The outermost layer of the hair, also called cuticle layer. This is where the health of the hair can be seen. Healthy hair is firmly enclosed by the cuticle and is thus protected from external influences. If the cuticle layer is open and rough, the hair looks dull and lackluster.
D
Diffuser:
Hairdryer attachment which dries the hair particularly evenly via its fingers and holes. Ideal for waves or curls, for example, to create a more defined look.
Dreadlocks:
Matted hair strands. Dreads are created by letting the hair grow naturally without combing it. Dreadlocks are often decorated with wooden beads or other jewellery. The hairstyle owes its popularity mainly to reggae musician Bob Marley.
Dutt:
Hairstyle in which the hair at the back of the head is woven into a chunk in a spiral or twisted and pinned with hairpins or clips.
E
Elasticity:
When the hair returns to its original shape after being stretched like an elastic band without “borrowing” or tearing. Wet hair can easily be stretched twice as much as dry hair.
Extensions:
English for hair extension. The foreign human hair is attached to the own hair by ultrasound, welding, gluing or weaving.
F
Flamboyage:
This technique, Flamboyage, combines the two hair colouring variations and thus ensures a particularly natural colour gradient.
Foil strands:
Special strand technique for long and short hair. It enables strands to be placed very precisely. The hairs are wrapped in foil with the colour.
French plait:
Tight-fitting, braided plait consisting of three strands, also known as “Bauernzopf” or “invisible plait”. This braiding technique starts at the top of the head, as close to the forehead as possible. Divide the upper top hair into three sections. Braid up to the tips, adding a thin strand of hair alternately from the left and right side of the head to the braid whenever the outer of the three strands is placed in the middle.
French Bob:
A bob variation that is shorter than the longbob. This haircut is worn with a fringe.
Fringe:
Hairstyle in which the hair on the front of the head is cut just above the eyes in straight, concave, convex or asymmetrical form. For years, the fringe has been experiencing a constant up and down on the trend scale. The hairstyle focuses on the eyes and the shape of the face and can be worn in different variations (short, long, asymmetrical or fringed). Tip: Square faces look softer with a fringed fringe. If the face is round, a short, straight, fringed pony is advantageous. The longer the fringe is cut, the softer and shorter the face shape appears. With trapezoidal face shapes, a fringe is usually not advisable. Oval face shapes can wear all types of fringes.
Follicle:
Also called hair follicle. Elongated invagination under the skin from which the hair grows out. The sebaceous glands at the upper end release the fat to the scalp.
G
Glossing:
Glossing can be compared to a light tinting. It simply refreshes the artificial or natural hair colour without colouring it too much and without damaging the hair.
Green tint:
The enemy of every blonde. Just one visit to the swimming pool can have serious consequences. The reaction of the chlorine in the water with the pigments of blonde hair can lead to a green tint. How do you get it out again? With the counter colour red.
Graduation:
Fine gradation in the hair contour. Fullness is built up.
Graduated Bob:
The shortest bob variation. The hair length is between mouth and chin. Good to see in the film “The fabulous world of Amélie”.
Growth:
Each of our hair grows on average 0.33 millimetres per day, one centimetre per month and 15 centimetres per year. All hairs together add up to a total length of between 20 and 30 metres every day.
H
Hairdresser:
The hair specialist of your choice. You should visit the hair stylist approximately every 6 weeks. Then it is time to trim the tips and, if necessary, re-colour the hairline.
Hair count:
Hair quantity and hair colour depend on each other. While redheads often have only 70,000 hair, blondes have more than double that number (150,000). Black-haired and brunettes have about 100,000 hairs.
European women: about 121,000 hairs
Asian women: approx. 89,000 hairs
African women: approx. 81,000 hair
Hair soap:
In contrast to ordinary soap, hair soap is declared as slightly over-fat, which means that it contains no more than three to five percent pure fat.
Hairspray:
Washable styling aid from a spray can, invented by Robert Abplanalp in 1955. With hairspray the hairstyle can withstand almost any weather. The ingredients lie on the hair like a film and give it additional shine thanks to silk proteins.
Hair mascara:
Mascara for the hair. Conjures up colourful accents in the hair. The colour disappears again the next time you wash your hair.
Halo-Lights:
Hair dyeing technique in which the hair on top of the head is coloured lighter. The light top hair frames the face and creates a particularly natural look.
Henna:
Vegetable dye that was used to colour hair 4,000 years ago. The result: an orange-tinged red. The natural plant colour has a weak effect and needs to be refreshed every six weeks. Ideal for fine hair, as the hair structure is not attacked.
Highlights:
Thin highlights, which give the hair light colour reflexes. Blonde accents are particularly popular with brunettes.
Hair loss:
is a permanent hair loss where the hair that has fallen out does not grow back. Normally, people lose an average of 70 to 100 hairs per day and are replaced. Technical terms for unwanted hair loss are effluvium (hair loss increased above the norm) and alopecia for a visible clearing without or with abnormally thinning hair
Hydrogen blonde:
An almost whitish blonde tone that owes its name to the high content of hydrogen peroxide in its colouring. After it was long considered too artificial.
I
Intensive treatment:
Treat your hair once a week with a rich treatment. After 15 minutes, your hair is visibly recovered and smooth. Tip: Wrap cling film or a towel around your head while it is working in, this will intensify the effect.
Ions:
The new trend in hair styling. Hair dryers, straightening irons release ions during application, which provide the hair with moisture. This prevents hair damage during gentle styling.
K
Keratin
(from Greek κέρας kéras “horn”, genitive kératos) is a collective term for various water-insoluble fibre proteins produced by animals and characterising the horn substance.
L
Layered haircut:
Stages bring lightness and structure to your hair. The hair volume is distributed.
Lifetime:
Like any hair, the hair of the head is subject to a growth cycle, at the end of which it falls out and is replaced by a new hair. The lifespan of a hair can vary from person to person. The growth phase (anagen phase) of scalp hair is on average about 2-6 years. There have also been documented cases of a growth phase of more than 20 years. Accordingly, there are people with hair that is as long as the body, usually the hair length is genetically limited to about 1 m.
Locks:
are dependent on the hair root ( curved ) and the cross-section of the hair: with a round cross-section the hair falls straight, while with an oval cross-section it tends to curl. Only about 15% of Europeans have natural curls.
Longbob:
a variation of the classic bob. The hair just does not touch the shoulder anymore.
Lowlights:
The opposite of highlights. Darker nuances, which bring natural light and shadow reflections into the hair, provide more body and shine. Also very suitable for grey hair.
M
Melanin:
Pigment that determines our natural hair, eye and skin colour.
Mellow:
Light tinting that covers grey hair very naturally. The hair is not completely covered by the colour and allows grey hair or highlights to shimmer through easily.
Monkey swing:
Also called “loop braid”: the simplest form of a pinned braid. In this hairstyle, which is worn almost exclusively by girls and usually in pairs, the braid is raised inwards to form a loop and the tassel is hidden and pinned behind the braid base.
Multicolour highlights:
Multicoloured highlights that blur into each other to make the hair colour look more natural.
N
Natural bristles:
Antistatic bristles, for example wild boar bristles. Prevents flying hair and is suitable for combing out waves or curls.
O
Ombre:
also Ombré Hair, Ombre Hair, see also Balayage. Longstanding trend with a colour gradient that is characterised either by light tips and a dark base. The emphasis on the tips is also the main difference to the Balayage technique, where whole strands are dyed. Typical colour combinations are sand blond – caramel in contrast to dark blond – brown.
Ondulate:
The incorporation of waves and curls using a curling iron or curling tongs.
Oestrogen:
Hormone in the female body that makes hair sprout. The higher the oestrogen level, the thicker and longer the hair becomes.
Out of bed look:
Elaborate hairstyling that you should not look at the effort. With hair gel and wax or hair spray, a fluffy hairstyle is created as if fresh out of bed.
Outward wave:
Classic hairstyle in which the tips of the hair wave outwards with a sweep. The style can be quickly styled with a hairdryer and a round brush after an appropriate cut.
Olaplex:
is a patented chemical active ingredient from the USA, which helps to create strands, colouring and even extreme colour changes. The effect of the preparation is controversial.
P
Paddle Brush:
Rectangular, flat brush for all hair lengths, also called paddle brush.
Paintings:
This colouring technique is done freehand and without foils. Not the whole hair is dyed, but only specific areas and strands of hair. The colour is only applied and painted on with a brush. Hence the term painting. This hair colouring method sets natural colour accents and shades. The application technique creates soft colour gradients.
Paul Mitchell:
Paul Mitchell’s mother was a hairdresser. At the age of 16, he began training at a beauty school, which he attended for five years. Afterwards Paul Mitchell worked in various salons and won several competitions. In 1980 he founded the global Paul Mitchell group together with John Paul DeJoria.
Papilots:
Flexible curlers wrapped in foam. The malleable styling utensils bring momentum to every hair. Depending on the application, they create light waves or large curls. Divide the dried-on hair into individual strands and wrap them around the axis of the papilotts, starting at the tips and ending at the hairline. Turn the ends of the papilottes so that the hair does not slip out. Loosen the papilottes when the hair is completely dry. Then comb with a wide-tooth comb or with your fingers.
Passé:
A section of hair up to two centimetres long.
Ponytail:
Hairstyle in which the hair is tied at the back of the head with a hair band or hair tie. Because it is so easy to style, the ponytail is one of the most popular hairstyles and is often tied as a stopgap. In fact, the braid owes its name to its similarity to the tail of a horse.
Permanent wave:
Permanent reshaping of the hair. Karl Ludwig Nessler was a German hairdresser and the inventor of the permanent wave.
Pixie:
Cheeky short hairstyle, also called pixie cut.
Pomade stallion:
Term dates back to the 1920s and refers to men who have their short hair brushed back with pomade.
Plant colours:
Traditional dye used by Egyptian women, e.g. from roots, fruits and leaves. After the invention of artificial dyes, it was forgotten until plant colour experienced a revival with the hippies in the 1970s. Today an ecological and gentler alternative to “chemical” hair colours. Typical ingredients: Henna, walnut, sage and camomile.
R
Roots:
Natural side effect of colouring. When the hair grows back, its own hair colour reappears.
Round brush:
also called volume brush to create volume and gentle waves in the hair. The brush diameter should be at least three centimetres wide.
S
Scalp:
An irritated scalp does not necessarily have to be caused by dandruff or a fungal infection. Too much hair washing, hot blow-drying and excessive styling often irritate the skin. This is where mild shampoo can help. Try not to wash your hair more than three times a week. Do not use styling products.
Sebum:
Fat from the sebaceous glands that protects our hair from harmful external influences, prevents it from drying out and makes it supple. People with fine hair in particular tend to have overactive sebaceous glands, which make their hair greasy faster. This can be caused by hereditary predisposition, stress, hormonal changes or poor nutrition.
Styling mousse:
which is kneaded into the damp hair. Mousse provides volume and definition.
Sleek Look:
English term for straight hair. Elegant hair style where the hair ideally lies close to the head and looks particularly smooth and shiny. This is achieved by using gel, hair wax and shine sprays.
Smoothing iron:
Styling tool that satisfies the desire for straight hair even with very curly hair. Or can form waves out of straight hair. By means of two hot styling plates, the hair structure is changed at short notice. With the next hair wash, the hair will return to its original state. Tip: Use heat protection products
Shape haircut:
Classic, short men’s cut in the neck and side areas, with a smooth transition to the top coat.
Silicones:
Additive in hair care products that gives the hair a particularly shiny appearance. A protective film covers the hair, leaving it healthy and smooth.
Split ends:
Split ends of the hair. Split ends usually occur in older hair. Frequent washing, blow-drying, environmental influences or incorrect nutrition lead to hair breakage. The most effective method against split ends: trim the ends regularly.
Star hairstyles:
Hairstyles of the hottest superstars, whether they are actors, models, singers or footballers or even Instagram or You Tube bloggers.
T
Thermal products:
Protect the hair from heat with straightening or creping irons and curling irons. Heat control
Tinting:
Washable hair colour. Hair tinting is a gentle alternative to colouring. A tint is ideal to try out a different hair colour without having to make a permanent decision. The durability is about five to ten hair washes. This entertaining hair colour is gentle on your hair because it contains neither hydrogen peroxide nor ammonia. If you suffer from dull, dull or greying hair, you can achieve miracles with the tint.
U
Undercut:
denotes a hairstyle in which the lower hair is shaved at the sides and in the neck, the top hair remains long. The haircut can remind you of an extreme army/military haircut and looks correspondingly male.
V
Volume:
The be-all and end-all of any hairstyle with “wow” effect. This is how you get a fuller head of hair: special volume shampoos strengthen the hair. Then knead in mousse and blow-dry upside down. Let it cool down well and fix it with hairspray. A step cut makes fine hair look fuller.
W
Water wave:
Strict, even waves that are close to the scalp. Water waves were very popular in the 20s and 30s. Using clips or wave riders, damp hair is placed close to the head in waves, dry-dried and fixed with hair spray.
Wet Look:
Hair styling that peaked in the 1980s and is now a classic. Hair gel, hair lacquer and spray are used to create a wet look, as if you had just come from the pool or beach. That’s why the wet look is a good choice in the summertime. The wet look is particularly sophisticated with short hair.
Wellaplex:
the same effect as Olaplex. It is supposed to counteract hair damage during colouring.
Z
Zinc:
Vital trace element against brittle, dull and damaged hair. It makes the hair healthy and strong.